Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS) is a condition caused by the compression of nerves or blood vessels between the collarbone and the first rib, leading to pain in the shoulders and neck, and numbness in the fingers. It can result from trauma, repetitive activity, or anatomical defects. The average settlement for a Thoracic Outlet Syndrome claim can vary widely, typically ranging from $25,000 to $100,000. The settlement amount depends on factors such as the severity of the condition, impact on the individual’s ability to work, medical expenses, and the specifics of the case, including whether negligence was involved.
What is Thoracic Outlet Syndrome?
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS) is a medical condition resulting from the compression of nerves or blood vessels in the thoracic outlet, the space between the collarbone and the first rib. This compression can cause symptoms such as pain in the shoulders and neck, numbness in the fingers, and weakness in the arms. TOS can be caused by anatomical anomalies, repetitive injuries from activities, or trauma such as a car accident. It is classified into three types: neurogenic, venous, and arterial, depending on which structures are compressed. Treatment options range from physical therapy and medication to surgical intervention in severe cases.
Types of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS) is categorized into three main types based on the structures affected:
Neurogenic TOS: This is the most common type, accounting for about 95% of TOS cases. It involves the compression of the brachial plexus, a network of nerves that control muscle movements and sensations in the shoulder, arm, and hand. Symptoms include pain, numbness, tingling, and weakness in these areas.
Venous TOS: This type, also known as Paget-Schroetter syndrome, occurs when one or more of the veins in the thoracic outlet are compressed, leading to blood clots. Symptoms include swelling, bluish discoloration, and heaviness in the arm. It can be exacerbated by physical activity and may cause a feeling of tightness or fullness.
Arterial TOS: This is the rarest form, involving the compression of the subclavian artery. Symptoms can include coldness, paleness, and weakness in the hand and arm, as well as pain and cramping, particularly during activities that involve raising the arms. In severe cases, it can lead to the development of aneurysms or blood clots in the affected artery.
Symptoms Of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
The symptoms of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS) vary depending on the type—neurogenic, venous, or arterial—but common signs include:
Neurogenic TOS
- Pain in the neck, shoulder, and arm.
- Numbness or tingling in the fingers.
- Weakness in the hand and arm.
- Muscle wasting at the base of the thumb (in severe cases).
Venous TOS
- Swelling in the arm or hand.
- Bluish discoloration of the arm or hand.
- A feeling of heaviness or fullness in the arm.
- Pain and throbbing in the arm and shoulder, often exacerbated by activity.
Arterial TOS
- Coldness and paleness in the fingers or hand.
- Pain and cramping in the hand and arm, especially during activities that involve raising the arms.
- Weak or absent pulse in the affected arm.
- Small black spots (necrosis) on the fingers, indicating lack of blood flow (in severe cases).
Causes Of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS) can have various causes, including:
Anatomical factors: Certain anatomical variations or abnormalities in the structures of the thoracic outlet, such as an extra rib (cervical rib), abnormal muscle development, or tight fibrous bands, can compress nerves or blood vessels, leading to TOS.
Trauma: Injuries from car accidents, falls, or repetitive trauma from activities that involve repetitive arm movements or lifting heavy objects can cause inflammation or damage to the structures in the thoracic outlet, contributing to TOS.
Poor posture: Prolonged sitting with rounded shoulders, poor ergonomics, or habitual slouching can put excessive pressure on the nerves and blood vessels in the thoracic outlet, increasing the risk of TOS development.
Repetitive stress injuries: Certain occupations or activities that involve repetitive motions of the arms, such as typing, assembly line work, or playing musical instruments, can lead to overuse injuries and muscle imbalances that may contribute to TOS.
Muscle tightness: Tightness or hypertonicity in the muscles surrounding the thoracic outlet, such as the scalene muscles or the pectoralis minor, can compress nerves and blood vessels, leading to TOS symptoms.
Weight gain: Excess weight or obesity can put additional pressure on the thoracic outlet structures, increasing the risk of compression and TOS development.
Common Victims Of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS) can affect individuals of any age, gender, or occupation, but certain groups may be more commonly affected due to specific risk factors:
People with occupations involving repetitive movements: Those whose jobs require repetitive motions of the arms, such as typing, assembly line work, or heavy lifting, are at higher risk of developing TOS due to overuse injuries and muscle imbalances.
Athletes: Athletes involved in sports that require repetitive arm movements, such as baseball pitchers, swimmers, and volleyball players, may develop TOS due to the stress placed on the shoulder and arm muscles during training and competition.
Individuals with poor posture: People who maintain poor posture, such as sitting for long periods with rounded shoulders or slouching, are more susceptible to TOS because of the increased pressure on the thoracic outlet structures.
Women: Women are more commonly affected by neurogenic TOS, possibly due to anatomical differences or hormonal factors. Pregnancy-related weight gain and hormonal changes may also contribute to the development of TOS in some cases.
People with anatomical variations: Individuals born with anatomical variations, such as an extra rib (cervical rib) or tight fibrous bands in the thoracic outlet region, are at higher risk of developing TOS due to the increased likelihood of nerve or blood vessel compression.
Those with a history of trauma or injury: People who have experienced trauma to the neck or shoulder region, such as car accidents or falls, may develop TOS due to the resulting damage or inflammation of the thoracic outlet structures.
Diagnosis
Diagnosing Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS) typically involves a comprehensive evaluation by a healthcare provider, often including the following steps:
Medical history: The healthcare provider will review the patient’s medical history, including any symptoms they are experiencing, previous injuries, occupational or recreational activities, and any underlying medical conditions.
Physical examination: A thorough physical examination is conducted to assess the range of motion in the neck, shoulders, and arms, as well as to check for muscle weakness, tenderness, or swelling in the thoracic outlet region.
Provocative tests: Specialized tests, known as provocative maneuvers, may be performed to reproduce symptoms of TOS. These tests involve moving the arms and neck into specific positions to compress the nerves or blood vessels in the thoracic outlet and elicit symptoms.
Neurological examination: A neurological exam may be conducted to assess muscle strength, sensation, and reflexes in the arms and hands, helping to identify any nerve-related abnormalities.
Imaging studies: Imaging tests such as X-rays, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or computed tomography (CT) scans may be ordered to visualize the structures of the thoracic outlet and identify any anatomical abnormalities, such as extra ribs or bony growths, that may be causing compression.
Nerve conduction studies: Electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction studies (NCS) may be performed to evaluate the function of the nerves in the affected arm and identify any nerve damage or compression.
Vascular studies: If venous or arterial TOS is suspected, additional tests such as ultrasound, venography, or arterial duplex scanning may be ordered to assess blood flow and detect any blood clots or arterial narrowing.
Treatment
Treatment for Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS) depends on the severity of symptoms, the underlying cause, and the type of TOS (neurogenic, venous, or arterial). Both surgical and non-surgical approaches may be employed:
Non-Surgical Treatment
- Physical therapy: Targeted exercises can help improve posture, strengthen muscles, and relieve pressure on the thoracic outlet. Stretching exercises may also be prescribed to alleviate tightness in the muscles.
- Postural training: Education on maintaining proper posture and ergonomic modifications in daily activities to reduce strain on the shoulders and neck.
- Activity modification: Avoid activities that exacerbate symptoms, such as repetitive overhead movements or carrying heavy loads.
- Medication: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or muscle relaxants may be prescribed to alleviate pain and reduce inflammation.
- Nerve blocks: In some cases, corticosteroid injections may be administered into the affected area to reduce inflammation and alleviate pain.
Surgical Treatment
- Decompression surgery: For neurogenic TOS, surgical decompression of the thoracic outlet may be performed to relieve pressure on the compressed nerves. This typically involves removing any structures causing compression, such as extra ribs, fibrous bands, or portions of muscles.
- Thrombolytic therapy and thrombectomy: In venous TOS with blood clots (thrombosis), procedures to dissolve or remove the clots may be performed to restore normal blood flow.
- Arterial reconstruction: For arterial TOS, surgical procedures such as arterial bypass grafting or angioplasty may be necessary to restore blood flow and alleviate symptoms.
- Scalene muscle release: In some cases, surgical release of the scalene muscles, which are often implicated in nerve compression, may be performed to relieve pressure on the nerves.
Can The Human Body Cure Thoracic Outlet Syndrome By Itself?
No, Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS) typically does not resolve on its own without intervention. While some mild cases of TOS may improve with rest, activity modification, and conservative treatments such as physical therapy, more severe cases often require targeted interventions to alleviate symptoms and address the underlying cause of compression.
Without treatment, TOS symptoms can persist and may worsen over time, leading to chronic pain, numbness, and weakness in the affected arm and hand. In some cases, untreated TOS can result in complications such as blood clots, muscle wasting, or nerve damage.
Can The Patient Claim Compensation For Thoracic Outlet Syndrome?
Yes, a patient may be eligible to claim compensation for Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS) under certain circumstances, particularly if the condition was caused by negligence or wrongful actions of another party. Here are some scenarios where compensation claims may be pursued:
Work-related injuries: If TOS is caused or exacerbated by occupational factors such as repetitive strain, poor ergonomics, or a workplace accident, the affected individual may be entitled to workers’ compensation benefits.
Auto accidents: TOS can result from trauma sustained in car accidents, especially if there is a direct impact on the neck or shoulder region. In such cases, the injured party may pursue a personal injury claim against the at-fault driver to seek compensation for medical expenses, lost wages, and pain and suffering.
Medical malpractice: If TOS is misdiagnosed, improperly treated, or exacerbated due to medical negligence, the affected individual may have grounds for a medical malpractice claim against the responsible healthcare provider or facility.
Product liability: In rare cases, TOS may be caused by defective products such as poorly designed ergonomic equipment or medical devices. In such instances, the manufacturer or distributor of the defective product may be held liable for damages through a product liability claim.
Other negligence: TOS can also be caused by other forms of negligence, such as sports injuries, slip and fall accidents, or assaults. Depending on the circumstances, the injured party may pursue a negligence claim against the responsible party to seek compensation for their injuries and related losses.
Settlement Value For Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
The settlement value for Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS) can vary widely depending on various factors, including the severity of the condition, the impact on the individual’s life and ability to work, the extent of medical treatment required, and the specific circumstances of the case.
In general, settlements for TOS can range from $10,000 to $100,000. However, it’s crucial to note that every case is unique, and the ultimate settlement value depends on factors such as:
Medical expenses: The cost of past and future medical treatment, including doctor visits, diagnostic tests, physical therapy, medications, and surgical procedures, can significantly influence the settlement amount.
Lost wages and earning capacity: TOS may result in temporary or permanent disability, affecting the individual’s ability to work and earn income. Settlements may include compensation for lost wages, reduced earning capacity, and future lost earnings due to disability.
Pain and suffering: Compensation may be awarded for the physical pain, emotional distress, and loss of enjoyment of life experienced as a result of TOS.
Liability and negligence: The degree of negligence or fault on the part of the responsible party, such as an employer, healthcare provider, or at-fault driver in a car accident, can impact the settlement value.
Jurisdiction and legal considerations: Settlement amounts may vary depending on the laws and legal precedents in the jurisdiction where the case is filed, as well as the strength of the evidence and arguments presented by both parties.
Insurance Company’s Role
The role of an insurance company in cases involving Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS) can vary depending on the circumstances surrounding the injury and the type of insurance coverage involved.
Here’s a breakdown of how insurance companies may be involved:
Health Insurance: If an individual with TOS seeks medical treatment, their health insurance company typically covers the cost of medical expenses, including doctor visits, diagnostic tests, physical therapy, and surgical procedures. The insurance company may negotiate payment rates with healthcare providers and may require pre-authorization for certain treatments or procedures.
Workers’ Compensation Insurance: If TOS is work-related, such as resulting from repetitive strain or an occupational injury, the individual may be eligible for workers’ compensation benefits. In such cases, the employer’s workers’ compensation insurance provider would cover medical expenses, lost wages, and disability benefits for the injured worker.
Auto Insurance: If TOS is caused by a car accident, the at-fault driver’s auto insurance may be responsible for compensating the injured party for medical expenses, lost wages, and pain and suffering. In states with no-fault insurance laws, personal injury protection (PIP) coverage may provide benefits regardless of who was at fault.
General Liability Insurance: If TOS is the result of negligence by a third party, such as a healthcare provider, employer, or property owner, their liability insurance may cover damages resulting from the injury. This could include compensation for medical expenses, lost wages, and pain and suffering.
Disability Insurance: In cases where TOS results in long-term disability, disability insurance coverage may provide financial assistance to replace lost income. This could be through private disability insurance policies or government programs such as Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI).
Attorney’s Role In Settlement
An attorney plays a crucial role in the settlement process for Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS) cases, advocating for the injured party’s rights and working to secure fair compensation for their injuries and losses.
Here’s how an attorney typically assists in the settlement process:
Legal Guidance: A knowledgeable attorney provides legal guidance and advice to the injured party, explaining their rights and options under personal injury law. They help the individual understand the complexities of their case, including applicable statutes of limitations, legal standards of negligence, and potential avenues for compensation.
Case Evaluation: An attorney conducts a thorough evaluation of the case, gathering evidence, reviewing medical records, assessing liability, and calculating damages. They determine the strength of the case and estimate the potential value of a settlement based on factors such as medical expenses, lost wages, and pain and suffering.
Negotiation with Insurance Companies: Attorneys handle negotiations with insurance companies on behalf of the injured party. They advocate for maximum compensation, presenting evidence, making legal arguments, and countering any attempts by insurance adjusters to undervalue or deny the claim. Attorneys have experience dealing with insurance companies and understand their tactics, allowing them to negotiate from a position of strength.
Settlement Offers: Attorneys review settlement offers from insurance companies and advise the injured party on whether to accept, reject, or counter the offer. They ensure that any proposed settlement adequately compensates the individual for their injuries and losses, taking into account both economic and non-economic damages.
Litigation Preparation: If a fair settlement cannot be reached through negotiation, attorneys are prepared to file a lawsuit and litigate the case in court. They handle all aspects of the litigation process, including drafting legal pleadings, conducting discovery, presenting evidence, and representing the injured party in court proceedings.
Legal Representation: Throughout the settlement process, attorneys provide legal representation and advocacy for the injured party, protecting their rights and interests at every stage. They serve as a trusted advisor and advocate, working to achieve the best possible outcome for their client.
Will The Court Help If The Settlement Fails?
If attempts to reach a settlement fail, the injured party may pursue resolution through the court system. Here’s how the court process typically unfolds:
Filing a Lawsuit: If negotiations with the insurance company are unsuccessful, the injured party, with the assistance of their attorney, may choose to file a lawsuit against the at-fault party. The lawsuit initiates the formal legal process to seek compensation for damages related to Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS).
Discovery: After the lawsuit is filed, both parties engage in the discovery process. This involves exchanging relevant information and evidence related to the case, including medical records, witness statements, and expert testimony. Discovery allows each side to assess the strengths and weaknesses of the opposing party’s case.
Pre-Trial Proceedings: Before trial, there may be pre-trial motions and hearings to address procedural issues, evidence admissibility, and other matters. The court may also facilitate mediation or settlement conferences to encourage a resolution outside of trial.
Trial: If the case proceeds to trial, both parties present their arguments and evidence before a judge and/or jury. The court evaluates the evidence, applies the law, and renders a verdict based on the facts of the case. A trial can be a lengthy and complex process, involving witness testimony, expert opinions, and legal arguments.
Verdict: After hearing all evidence and arguments, the court issues a verdict determining liability and damages. If the court finds in favor of the injured party, it may award compensation for medical expenses, lost wages, pain and suffering, and other damages related to TOS.
Appeals: Either party may have the right to appeal the court’s decision if they believe legal errors were made during the trial. The appellate court reviews the trial record and legal arguments to determine whether the trial court’s decision should be upheld or overturned.
Seeking Settlement For Thoracic Outlet Syndrome? Call Us Today!
If you or someone you care about has suffered a thoracic injury in a car accident or any other vehicle accident in Chicago, reach out to our experienced car accident lawyer. We are here to help you get the compensation you deserve. Don’t wait—call us today at (312) 598-0917 for a free consultation on your situation.
Interesting Reads:
Torn Meniscus Surgery Settlement Value
(312) 346-4262
